Publishing Division
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THE AUTHOR
Dr. Rafiquzzaman is the founder of Rafi Systems, Inc., California a manufacturer of biomedical devices including intraocular (cataract implant) lenses using state-of-the-art CNC machines, and also a computer systems consulting firm, and a publisher. In 1984, he managed the Olympic Swimming, Diving and Synchronized Swimming events in Los Angeles as chairman of the Contingency commission. He was also involved in managing the technical aspects of the Swiss timing, score keeping, and computer systems. From 1984 to 1989, he was the instructor for Motorola in Southern California teaching short courses on Motorola 16-bit and 32-bit microprocessors for local industries, including Hughes Aircraft, Lockheed, Northrop, TRW, Ford Aerospace, General Dynamics, McDonnell Douglas and Rockwell. Dr. Rafiquzzaman was involved as a consultant in managing microprocessor-based Airport Remote Maintenance system for FAA (Federal Aviation Administration), Washington, D.C. Dr. Rafiquzzaman was an advisor (State Minister) to the President of Bangladesh on computers from 1988 to 1990. He is currently an advisor to the US House Policy Committee's Technology Board. In this capacity, Dr. Rafiquzzaman has been assisting members of US Congress for developing and promoting technology in the public and private sectors to improve the lives of all Americans. |
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PREFACE
To accomplish this goal, the computer is first defined as consisting of three blocks: central processing unit (CPU), memory, and I/O. It has been pointed out that the CPU is analogous to the brains of a human being. Computer memory is similar to human memory. A question asked to a human being is analogous to entering a program into the computer using an input device such as the keyboard, and answering the question by the human is similar in concept to outputting the result required by the program to a computer output device such as the printer. The main difference is that human beings can think independently whereas computers can only answer questions that they are programmed for. Due to the advances in semiconductor technology, it is possible to fabricate the CPU in a single chip. The result is the microprocessor. Intel's Pentium and Motorola's Power PC are typical examples of microprocessors. Memory and I/O chips must be connected to the microprocessor chip to implement a microcomputer so that these microprocessors will be able to perform meaningful operations. This book clearly points out that computers only understand 1's and 0's. Hence, it is important for the students to be familiar with binary numbers. Furthermore, the book focuses on the fact that computers can normally only add. Hence, all other operations such as subtraction are performed via addition. This can be accomplished via twos complement arithmetic for binary numbers. Hence, this topic is included, along with a clear explanation of signed and unsigned binary numbers. As far as the computer programming is concerned, assembly language programming is covered in this book for typical Intel and Motorola microprocessors. An overview of C, C++, and Java high-level languages is also included. These are the only high-level languages that can perform I/O operations. This book points out the advantages and disadvantages of programming typical microprocessors in C and assembly languages. Three design levels are covered in this book: device level, logic level, and system level. Device-level design, which designs logic gates such as AND, OR, and NOT using transistors, is included from a basic point of view. Logic-level design, on the other hand, is the design technique in which logic gates are used to design a digital component such as an adder. Finally, system-level design is covered for typical Intel and Motorola microprocessors. Microcomputers have been designed by interfacing memory and I/O chips to these microprocessors. Digital systems at the logic level are classified into two types of circuits, combinational and sequential. Combinational circuits have no memory whereas sequential circuits contain memory. The microprocessors are designed using both combinational and sequential circuits. Therefore, these topics are covered in detail. The third edition of this book contains certain new topics including Motorola&Mac226;s AltiVec technology. This edition provides additional examples and end-of-chapter problems, and several appendices containing instruction sets (alphabetical order) of both Intel 8086 and Motorola 68000 along with the specifications of their support chips. A brief overview of ASIC, DVD, Windows 2000, CPLD, FPGA and Verilog is also included. The material included in this book is divided into three sections. The first section contains Chapters 1 through 5. These chapters describe digital circuits at the gate and flip-flop levels and describe the analysis and design of combinational and sequential circuits. The second section contains Chapters 6 through 8, and Chapter 11. These chapters describe microcomputer organization/architecture, programming, design of computer instruction sets, CPU, memory, and I/O. The third section contains Chapters 9 and 10. These chapters contain typical 16-, 32-, and 64-bit microprocessors manufactured by Intel and Motorola. Future plans of Intel and Motorola for the next century are also included. Some sentences are presented in italics throughout the book to point out the importance of certain topics. The details of the topics covered in eleven chapters of this book follow.
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